Leadership Styles and Theories

This assignment focuses on analyzing different leadership styles and theories. It examines the characteristics of various leadership approaches, such as transformational, transactional, and servant leadership. Students are required to discuss the influence of these styles on organizational performance, team dynamics, and individual motivation. The assignment also encourages critical evaluation of leadership effectiveness in real-world scenarios and explores the complexities of leading in dynamic environments.

WORKING WITH AND
LEADING PEOPLE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2..............................................................................................................................................................................2
1.3& 1.4.....................................................................................................................................................................2
TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................................................4
2.1..............................................................................................................................................................................4
2.2..............................................................................................................................................................................4
2.3 & 2.4....................................................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3...........................................................................................................................................................................6
3.2..............................................................................................................................................................................7
3.3..............................................................................................................................................................................8
TASK 4...........................................................................................................................................................................8
4.1..............................................................................................................................................................................8
4.2..............................................................................................................................................................................9
4.3............................................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Recruiting an efficient employee for any organisation is a critical responsibility for
recruiting manager. For selecting a skilled and efficient staff at vacant position is difficult job as
any wrong decision made in selecting workforce may affect the working of whole organisation.
The present report is based on the same aspect which implies the process of working and leading
people. The chosen organisation for this purpose is City link which is located in UK and is
engaged in courier services. The company is intending to recruit 10 staff for performing general
and routine functions of company (Mendenhall and Osland, 2012). Besides this, the report will
emphasise the processes that are conducted for recruitment process along with focussing on legal
aspects. Moreover, various importance of team work is also discussed so that business processes
can be performed without difficulty.
TASK 1
1.1
Human resource is a useful and valuable assets of organisation that are required in each
and every aspect of business. Here, city link which is a courier company of UK is intending to
expand the workforce to meet the daily requirements of company. Every firm tries to find an
efficient staff so that organisation does not have to do much efforts in giving training to new
workforce. The mentioned enterprise is aiming to hire skilled and creative labours so that they
can get their work accomplished in efficient way (Bush and Middlewood, 2013). For hire
purpose the company is planning to conduct a proper recruitment and selection process for
different positions. A total of 10 staff is required for company for designations of operational
employees and it needs a proper documentation.
Job description: Job description is a document that specifies various job related
information of an employee. Besides this, it involves detailed information of duties,
responsibilities, designation, role and specific tasks that have to be performed by employee. This
whole procedure is conducted by general manger with assistance of different related
departments. The description of requisite documents to organise systematic recruitment
procedure is as follows:
Table 1: Job description
Organization name City Link
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Job designation Operational employees (Computer operator)
Location London
Reports to Operations Manager
Roles and
responsibilities
Person will be responsible to perform varied tasks as per the
instructions of senior. He/she will perform normal routine functions
and will communicate the report to senior.
Working Hours Flexible
Salary Range As per the Industry norms
Application date 25th November 2016
Interview date 15th December 2016
 Person specification: This document includes detailed description of various skills and
minimum qualifications that is required for the particular position (Lev, 2013).
Table 2: Person Specification
Essential Desirable
Qualification: Graduate Post graduate
Employment conditions Working hours may extend as per
the situation and work load
Demographics No boundary
Age No boundary
Skills and abilities Good command over computer
basics and operating systems with
good typing speed. Fluency in
English
Strong communication in,
adaptable and good command
over computer system
Gender Both male and female can apply
Physical attributes Presentable Good looking and well groomed
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with good body language
Interests Net surfing, communicating and
problem solving
Internet surfing, Learning,
managing and reporting
Special Aptitude Managing work as per the task
allotted
Presenting work in right manner
Work experience 1 year 2-3 year
1.2
While having recruitment in the City link, it is necessary for the manger to consider some
necessary acts and legislations that affects the organisation. The consideration of the acts will
help cited company to run business processes without any trouble. The acts which mentioned
enterprise's manager should look upon are:
 Minimum Wages Act 1998: The said organisation should have a close monitoring on
this side so that no discrimination can be made in paying wages. Every candidate
applying in said business firm is entitled to be offered at least the minimum wage stated
by government (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Apart from this, it is necessary to offer all
employees equal wage for their equal kind of work regardless of male or female worker.
 Equality Act 2010: The quoted entity is bound to perform equality in recruitment
procedure. The recruiting staff cannot perform discrimination on the basis of age like
young or old age people. Besides this, discrimination cannot be performed on the basis of
caste or race as well. If company use to give any special advantage to any of the applicant
on such basis, the activity will be under unlawful means.
 Employment Act 2010: The city link's selection panel should confirm that candidate
coming for interview does not have any criminal background in previous history and
have legal work permit to do job in UK. This will help the said firm in avoiding any legal
interference in business processes.
1.3& 1.4
In the whole procedure of recruitment and selection process, the general manager
performs various tasks and functions. The procedure is carried out in a systematic way with
formation of a selection team and started work from proper documentation of the job position.
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The manager starts working on preparation of a job description and a person specification
documents according to designation required by city link (Goffee and Jones, 2013). Besides this,
after preparing these documents, the manager planned to give the advertisement of vacancy. For
this task, the manager took help of finance department so that budget can be decided. According
to planned budget, it was decided to give advertisement in newspapers, job websites and some
famous employment agencies. The manger ensured that through advertisement, right candidate is
attracted for job. After giving advertisement, manager made arrangements for various tests of
applicants on pre determine date. Through advertisement many applications were received which
was scrutinised by selection team. On the basis of resume, the mangers shortlisted some
candidates who were seemed to be fit for designation.
On the decided date, shortlisted applicants were called for further processes of tests. The
candidates were examined on the basis of various mental aptitude and physical tests. Specific
scores were given to applicants who were efficient in their performance and promoted for
interview processes (Fullan, 2014). At final stage, selection panel took interview of the
candidates. The relevant questions were asked by individual members of selection panel related
to their field. On the basis of candidate's performances, all members took a mutual decision to
shortlist 10 applicants and offered them with letter of intent containing details of designation,
joining date etc. Thus, the general manager played a vital role in the whole scenario.
As a part of selection process with the role of general manager I performed various
duties. Firstly, I made documents related to job profile like job description and person
specification. After this, the decision related to giving advertisement was taken by me with the
help of finance manager so that, advertisement can be given as per the budget of cited firm. On
the basis of given advertisement a large number of resumes were received. I scrutinised the
resumes and shortlisted candidates according to required qualification and experiences. The
shortlisted applicants were called for tests and interview purpose. The tests taken to check mental
aptitude were given scores. On that basis, candidates who scored good were promoted for
interview process (Miles and Savage, 2013). At this stage I asked candidates questions related to
job profile and asked about their salary expectation as well. Moreover, applicants who performed
as per the expectations, were selected and I gave them offer letter wishing good luck for future.
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TASK 2
2.1
Being the Manager at City Link, there are different theories on leadership and
management to be an effective leader and there are various skills and attributes use this skills
according to the circumstances. The skills which are used that are described below: Decision-making skills- In an organisation, there are many issues and barriers within
City Link so that the key skill of a leader is to solve the issues in a positive manner and
every individual can take decisions for the betterment of the organisation. Time management skills- Leaders within the City Link as they does not possess time
management skills and so that they have to make plans and complete all the tasks within
particular time frame. As this will help in achieving the goals and objectives of the
organisation (Cook, 2016). Good motivator- A leader must ensure that they have enough skills to identify the
motivating factors so that it helps in motivating the employees as they performed well in
the company. In the cited organisation, leader try to identify the motivators and monitor
the work of employees and by implementing the proper tools of motivation leader will be
able to make the dedication of the employees.
 Communication- To manage the communication between the members of the team is is
the responsibility of the leader. So that proper communication is helpful in solving the
issues and make proper decisions.
2.2
Leadership and management are two different terms with the different perspectives so
that the manager is expected to manage all the activities of City Link while the leaders have wide
scope of leading the enterprise with their skills (Young, Leger and Blanchard, 2013). The
difference between the management and leadership is described below:
Management Leadership
Managers of the company are used to do the
common functions of administration and to
manage the routine activities of the
organisation.
Leaders are considered to make the proper
innovations in their work for managing the
staff.
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The mangers work according to the guidelines
and as they follow it properly.
The leaders do not work on the basis of pre-
determined rules and they make plan according
to the conditions.
The managers of the company are made on the
basis of degree and qualification.
Leaders are not require any degree in case of
leading people and they use practical skills for
the people.
With the help of set procedures and tools
managers motivate the employees.
By influencing ideas and perceptions to
motivate the workers.
By making short term plans and policies which
are helpful in solving the problems.
The work of leaders is to forecast and make
advance preparations to manage the situations
at workplace.
2.3 & 2.4
In order to manage the retention rate of employees for City Link which can be witnessed
form the managers as well as other members of staff. City Link can consider the adoption of
different leadership styles which are mentioned below: Autocratic Leadership- in this type of leadership, all the authorities and power to make
the decisions is concentrated in the hands of senior level management. As it does not
involve the workers or employees in the process of decision making and try to create
pressure by the implementation of decisions. This leadership style helps in the
retrenchment in the company. Participative Leadership- In these leadership, the leaders of the company value the
suggestions of their employees and after that takes the final decisions (Kurtz, 2014). This
style helps to increase the motivation level and increase in the morale of employees. So
that City Link can also adopt this style of leadership which helps in motivating and
increase the retention of employees.
 Transformation Leadership- this type of leadership style is based upon the mutual
exchange of information and ideas to make the best decisions for the company.
Forecasting ability is proper in this type of leadership. So that this leadership style is best
for the cited organisation and adopted by the company.
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There are various ways for motivating the staff of the company so that the City Link
adopted different types of motivation practices for the employees. The ways for motivation are
as follows:
 In order to motivate the employees the organisation must provide monetary benefits to
those who perform and achieve targets on proper time as the delivery of couriers and
letters so that this can be enhanced by providing training to employees on the time
management activities.
 To motivate the employees by giving promotions and recognition for the work which is
appreciated by the organisation.
 By providing flexible working schedule so that the employees can feel free at workplace
and so that their rate of turnover will also increase (Johnson and Rowan, 2016).
 To provide the employees proper training and developing session which make them
efficient with their knowledge related to the workplace.
 Employee welfare and benefits schemes which is in terms of monetary so that it will
increase the level of interest of employees.
There is appropriate relationship between the leadership and management in which things
are done with the help of people and their experience that is suitable for the organisation.
Further, at stated organisation an effective leader have the quality to take the decisions on their
own and also requires time for taking appropriate decisions.
In addition to this, to motivate employees there are different theories are implemented by
organisation to satisfy the needs and requirement of employees. By using Maslow the company
satisfy the basic needs of the employees at workplace.
TASK 3
3.1
In order to develop team work, City Link can achieve desired outcome through they can
enhance operations easily. Team work play very important role through every member of
enterprise make their effective participation within the business operations (Miner, 20I5). Hence,
they will be able to demonstrate important aspect which are essential for organization
performance. In this context, below are the benefits can be taken of team work within the cited
firm:
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 Getting new ideas within the organization: In order to develop the business functions,
team work is very effective aspect. In this, City Link can take participation of each
member within the enterprise. When various members are working together in the
company, they will communicate each other within the firm (O’Neil and Drillings, 2012).
Hence, it will demonstrate different perceptions, ideas and view towards the business
goals. As results, they can easily make effective operations of the company.
 Contribute each member participation: Team work is done by various members. In
respect to this, City Link can make positive results from different aspects. In addition to
this, cited firm make their targets to contribute every member participation so that
organization can achieve their targets easily. In this aspect, each member can know other
member within the organization so that they can make effective business outcomes
(Phillips and Edwards, 2008).
 Share knowledge and skills with other member: With the help of team work, City Link
can make positive results through share skills and knowledge with other members. In this
context, every member will able to make operations effective through contribute their
knowledge within the business environment. In respect to this, chosen enterprise will
achieve positive outcomes from the business activities.
According to the Belbin team role the group consists of various range of role are
undertaken by the different people. There are different team roles such as implementer,
coordinator, shaper, resources investigator. The role of implementer is reliable and they
implement their ideas and opinions in practical. Further, the stated organisation use the
coordinator by which they can manage all the work and also promotes the decision making atv
workplace (Miner, 20I5).
3.2
Team-working is most important element which consist positive results within the City
Link. In this aspect, every member can share their work with other member of the company.
Hence, they will able to make important elements within the chosen enterprise (Rao, 2009).
Thus, following importance can be considered within the cited firm for team work: To reduce workload: In order to make team work with City Link, it will assist to reduce
workload within the workplace. In respect to this, organization able to make positive
result from the actions of chosen enterprise. With the help of team work, cited firm easily
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reduce work pressure through distributing task to different member according to their
qualification (Stanleigh, 2013). Deal with different conflicts situations: With the help of team work, City Link easily
solve conflicts from the workplace. In respect to this, employees can communicate each
other simultaneously so that they can make effective communication. Thus, business will
easily determine their objectives through developing system of the company.
 Make high profits within the business: Team-working has another importance that is
enhancing high profits within the workplace (Miner, 20I5). In respect to this, City Link
will achieve business results through determine various roles and responsibilities to each
and every member within the organization. In respect to this, they can make high profits
from the various operations.
3.3
Team-work consist very important role within the organizational performance. In this,
City Link easily achieve their desired outcomes from the operations. In this context, below are
the effectiveness can be considered within the team-working of cited firm:
 Towards the organizational goals: Team-working play very crucial role in cited firm
because it will target for achieve goals of the organization (Phillips and Edwards, 2008).
In respect to this, City Link will make their operations systematic manner which help to
make high market share in different part of the country.
 Monitoring the business performances: Another effectiveness of team-working is
monitoring the business performances. In this context, chosen enterprise continuous
monitor their results which help to make desired outcomes within the organization. In
this, City link easily maintain their profits through various positive measurements
(O’Neil and Drillings, 2012). In addition to this, they can easily make high profits from
their operations.
 Solve issue of organizational actions: Team-working is also helpful to solve conflicts
from the organization. In respect to this, organization can easily demonstrate aspects
which help to make effective transactions within City Link. In these aspects, business can
achieve their targets with making high returns within the organization performances
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(Stanleigh, 2013). As results, they will achieve objectives easily. Cited firm can maintain
cooperation among various members so that business has never occurrence conflicts.
TASK 4
4.1
In order to ensure the effectiveness of the work which is carried out by the employees it
can be done by monitoring and assessment so that there are some of the factors which are
considered by City Link at the time of evaluating the performance of work which are as follows:
 Time management- The time scheduling of an individual employee explains the overall
time management of the organisation and so that it shows the aspect of working. So that
the work which is timely complete that is appreciated by the authorities.
 Implementing Policies- To effectively keep a check on the activities of the employee in
a particular manner by formulating appropriate policies and procedures which is
undertaken by each employee so that it helps in monitoring the work and enhancement in
the performance of employees. Thus, the policies helps to manage the activities of
organisation (Miles and Savage, 2013).
 Feedback from employees- To appraise the management with the loopholes which is
existing in the system so that a functional feedback should be installed in the organisation
for the development of the monitoring system in the organisation. Further, it can be said
that by appraising the performance of employees they should follow the performance
quality of the staff.
Management of performance is a process in order to encourage and motivate the
employees for reaching the aims and objectives at workplace. It also helps to make improvement
in the effectiveness of an individual. It also ensure that the manger take proper decisions for
enhancement in the level of performance.
4.2
In the present scenario, company is facing problems related to the ineffective
management of the human resources at City Link and the process of selection is weak due to
which the knowledgeable employees are not able to carry out the operations of the business-to-
business. Thus, the company can follow the evaluating the development needs of an individual
which are mentioned below:
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 Identifying the strength- To assess the strength of individual who are working in the
company so that it is essential for the management to determine the capability in carrying
out the operations of the business (Young, Leger and Blanchard, 2013).
 Determining the objectives of company- In the second stage it is essential objective of
City Link that to communicate with the employees on the basis of it to identify the
efficiency which is required for accomplishing the major goals and objectives of the
organisation.
 Aligning strengths and objectives- In this stage, the strength of an employees with its
objectives of the entire company are integrated so that the business which can be easily
benefit with the help of this.
 Listing development activities- In this stage, City Link has to highlight the efficiency of
members of staff and with the efficiency required by the company so that operation of the
business can be carried out properly on the basis of the objectives.
 Accumulation of the resources- In this stage, the company has to identify the range of
various resources for the development of the capabilities of the members of the staff.
4.3
The process of assessment which is developed within City Link Company was effective
that provided a base to the business in dealing with the challenges. Further, in this process an
individual worki8ng within City Link has started to work in the efficient manner as the
capabilities of internal has been developed which gives direct benefit to the organisation. Besides
this, contribution of the members of staff in affairs of business is maximum which have been
allowed company in gaining the competitive advantages. Further, the process of assessment
helps in knowing about the different areas where the employees are not performing and
improvement is required (Kurtz, 2014). The capabilities of individual has been integrated with
the goals of the organisation and it is not possible to carry out all those aspects of the business.
There is high standard of the present process of the management in which all the activities within
the workplace is managed efficiently. Moreover, the techniques of leadership have been
developed in which leaders are able to manage the activities and a large number of terms in a
proper manner.
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CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that the report support to understand the
concept of working with and leading people. Further, City Link company helps to carry out the
operation on a wider basis and as they faces challenges which affecting the productivity of the
business. In this report, this helps to understand the process of recruitment and selection at City
Link with the knowledgeable employees in the organisation. There is assessment of the impact of
legal and ethical consideration in the process of recruitment and identify the areas for
improvement. Further, there are large number of skills which are employed in the employees
including leadership and management skills that how to manage the work at organisation. So that
this skills helps in carrying out the operations of business in an effective manner. There is also
use of different leadership styles such as autocratic and participative. Apart from these, there are
various ways which was adopted by the company to motivate the employees so that their interest
maintain in the organisation. Thus, the overall techniques employed by the managers and leaders
for managing the teams and so that they managed effectively and hence this is the reason behind
the success of the business.
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REFERENCES
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Wiley & Sons.
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Goffee, R. and Jones, G., 2013. Clever: Leading your smartest, most creative people. Harvard
Business Press.
Johnson, D. and Rowan, D., 2016. Leading MSM out of the Underground: Using Transformative
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[Accessed on 25th November, 2016].
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