Organizational Behavior & Leadership

This assignment delves into the crucial aspects of organizational behavior, exploring concepts like organizational citizenship behavior, stress management, and the influence of cultural factors. It also analyzes various leadership styles and their effectiveness in fostering a positive work environment. The task involves understanding theoretical frameworks, such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Tuckman's model of group development, and applying them to real-world scenarios.

Organizational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
A). Handy Cultural typology..................................................................................................1
B). How culture, power and politics influence behaviours of individuals within workplace 3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
A). Content and process theory of motivation........................................................................4
M1 Analysis culture, power and politics can influence individual and team behaviour........7
b) Motivational theories will help organization to improve team effectiveness....................7
c) Improving level of motivation within BBC.......................................................................8
M2 Evaluate behaviour of others by applying various motivational theories........................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
a) Explain different type of teams in context of BBC............................................................9
b) Tuckman model for team development in BBC..............................................................10
M3 Analysis team and group development theories............................................................12
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................12
a) Organization theory and concept affect performance of BBC.........................................12
b) Barriers to effective performance within the BBC..........................................................13
M4 Evaluate concept and theories of organizational behaviour..........................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
.......................................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
With the help of organizational behaviour business enterprise can evaluate the positive as
well as negative behaviour of individual, teams and structure on work place. For getting high
business growth and success, it is highly important for managers to recognise the behaviour and
attitude of employees (Creed, 2011). To provide a healthy working environment to workers, first
of all, mangers should make clear goals and then discuss them with their employees. They can
take the help of various concepts and philosophies of OB to create and maintain a positive
working environment at workplace. It is the core responsibility of business managers to motivate
and inspire their subordinates so that they will contribute their hard efforts in accomplishing
organizational goals and objectives. This project report discussed about British Broadcasting
Corporation. In this study, it is evaluated that how organisational culture, power and politics
have impact on individual, group behaviour and performance (Del Mar Alonso-Almeida and
Rodríguez-Antón, 2011). Furthermore, some motivational theories have also been discussed
which can help in motivating the workforce. Apart from this, different barriers have also been
evaluated which create various problems for BBC.
TASK 1
A). Handy Cultural typology
Organisation culture plays important role in organizational growth and success. By
having positive working culture, company can survive in competitive market place for long time
period. With the help of Handy Culture Typology, BBC can understand that how its
organisation culture influence impact on its values. There are four categories in which
organisation culture can be divided which are power, person, roles and task.
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Illustration 1: Cultural Change and Leadership in organisation
(Source: Cultural Change and Leadership in organisation, 2013)
Power culture: The biggest power of BBC is its employees and their hard efforts. Power culture
involves various rules and regulations. This is known as the most powerful and strong culture
because it easily be changed. In this type of culture, senior managers of company give core
attention to judge the results instead of achieving them. This is called as the strongest
organization culture because in work according to predetermined rules and regulations which has
made by senior members of company (Thomson and Van Niekerk, 2012).
Person culture: In the business enterprise, there are several workers who give importance to
their self-esteem or self-respect. In simple words, employees of company also wants to build
good image and reputation within work place.
Role culture: This kind of organizational culture is focused on some rules. In order to determine
the strength of role culture, managers should determine individual's position within work place.
In this type of organizational culture, senior persons of company delegate roles, responsibilities
and authorities to workers as per their academic qualification and past experience. BBC
implements this culture as this helps it in accomplishing the desired goals and objectives.
Task culture: In this type of organizational structure, employees improve their skills and abilities
which are required for performing their given tasks, roles and responsibilities. By focusing on
their necessary skills they can operate their business activities in most effective and systematic
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manner. Under this organisational structure, individual can easily resolve their business
challenges as well as problems. As per given case scenario, managers of BBC wants to build
effective group according to employee's requirement so that they will comfortable while
accomplishing team goals and objectives (Suppiah and Singh Sandhu, 2011).
Hence, these are some different types of organisational culture. According to Smith
review In present time, British Broadcasting Corporation is facing various problems because its
ineffective corporate culture. There are various unfair practices like sexual harassment, sex
discrimination are taking place in this company. So, as per Smith review this organization should
use role and task culture so that it can remove all the unfair practices and can provide good
working environment to its employees.
B). How culture, power and politics influence behaviours of individuals within workplace
In present time all organisations wants high level of growth and success, that is why they
gives their core attention to those aspects which can help them in achieving their desired goals
and objectives. By taking help organisational behaviour concept, company can enhance its
profitability and productivity. In simple words, organisational behaviour is a study through
which it can be determined that how individual interacts with each other while working in team.
In a business enterprise people with different culture, attitude and behaviour come and work
together to accomplish its common goals. With the help of concept of organizational behaviour
business managers can easily analyse behaviour of his each and every employee so that they can
make best organisational decisions (Coccia and Cadario, 2014). This concept is most effective
aspect through which senior managers can understand that how their workers are interacting with
each other within groups. Also, to analyse all these aspects company can take help of effective
management plan as, it assist managers in making right and required business decisions which
can also help in resolving industrial conflicts. Just like organizational behaviour, organization
culture is too essential for managing employee's behaviour within work place. So, it is highly
important for senior managers to consider values and behaviours of workers while setting
organisation culture.
BBC is a well known broadcasting company which comes under mass media industry.
According to its number of employees it is known as world's largest broadcaster organisation.
This enterprise gives its canter attention to client and worker satisfaction because without
satisfying their needs it can not survive in competitive market place and also can not lead to high
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level of success. Organization culture and values influence a huge impact on worker's
performance and their behaviour (Wery and Thomson, 2013). So, it is core responsibility of
manager of this company to provide various training and development programs to its employees
so that it can improve their performance and also can build strong relations with them. Hence, it
can be said that culture, power and policies influence huge impact on behaviour of British
Broadcasting Corporation. In present scenario, various activities and factors are affect all the
target and objectives so that its it is important duty of the manager of the company to motivate all
the employees as well as labours to their works so that they implement it effectively and attain
better results. In context of BBC, workforce face various issues and difficulties like
discrimination as per their cast, religion and gender which directly affect the performance and
motivation of the workers. In this organization assign some power to their employees in order to
creative better chances for the workers so that they easily develop their career growth and also
influence them to enhance their performance level at the workplace. Along with this, politics is
also helps in creating various chances in which employees easily enhance their performance
level. It also set as well as organise clashes among employees and superior which leads in
developing their motivation and also improve their performance level towards the work.
Furthermore, at the time of taking any kind of decision, employee have to include their workers
and also protect their interest which helps in maintaining their performance level. With the help
of this they employees attain better results in systematic manner.
TASK 2
A). Content and process theory of motivation
There are various motivational theories which can assist managers in motivating his work
force in right direction. Highly motivated employees can lead organization to high level of
success, so it have become most important task for all business managers to use motivational
theories. Some motivational theories are given below which can be used by British Broadcasting
Corporation (Kanfer, 2011). With the help of motivational theories, BBC can easily guide and
lead its work force in right direction. In present time, success and failure of all companies totally
depends upon their human resources, so it has become most important aspect for all companies
to keep motivate their employees so that it can enhnce its organisational growth and
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development. Here are some most important motivational theories which can used by BBC, these
are follows as under:
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: This concept states that, to motivate an individual it is highly
important to fulfil his basic needs as well as demands. According to this concept, basis needs are
divided into five parts which are follows as under:
Illustration 2: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
(Source- McLeod, 2017)
Physiological needs: It involves those aspects which are high required for survival in world.
Without these factors, individual can not live for long time period and these involves food,
shelter, water etc.
Safety and security needs: It is second most important needs which an individual wants to fulfil.
It involves protection and security needs. If business enterprise will provide such safe and secure
environment to their workers then they definitely will feel comfortable while operating
organizational activities and practices. Also it encourage them to perform their tasks in most
effective and systematic manner. By providing accidental insurance, health insurance etc,
company can fulfil safety and security needs of its employees.
Social needs: Every individual wants to make good connections or relationship with other
person for fulfilling their belongingness needs. So, it is highly important for build strong
relations with them so that their social needs can be fulfilled (Dawes and Larson, 2011).
Self esteem needs: While working within workplace, every individual wants respect and
appreciation from others, which helps them in enhancing their motivation level. So, it is highly
important for business enterprise to provide good incentives, rewards and appreciation to
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workers according to their work performance, it can motivate them to improve their own
performance.
Self actualisation needs: According to this concept, after fulfilling all needs and wants,
individual wants luxurious things in his life. So, company should provide them better
remuneration so that they can improve their standard of living.
Herzberg's motivation theory: This concept is focused on two major concepts which are hygiene
and motivational. Both factors are discussed in detail below:
Hygiene factor: This concept involves various components which are related with occupation
and directly helps in enhancing motivation and confidence level of workers. But hygiene factors
does not properly satisfy employees needs. Some of hygiene elements are status, salary, fringe
benefits, job security, working conditions, paid insurance, vacations, good remuneration and so
on (Creed, 2011).
Motivational factor: It involves those elements which provides high and long term satisfaction
to employees so that they can retain in company for long time period. If organisation will
provide recognition and growth opportunities to its employees then it can motivate them in
effective and systematic manner. Major motivational forces are challenging work,
responsibilities, participation in decision making, sense of importance company.
Apart from this, There are some other concepts through which organisation can easily
motivate its employees and can encourage them to contribute more in achieving desired goals
and objectives of company.
Reinforcement theory This concept gives core importance to the
individual behaviour. If worker's behaviour is
positive in work place then he can perform his
all assigned roles and responsibilities in most
effective manner which can help company in
accomplishing its goals and objectives in less
time period.
Expectancy theory This concept states that organization can
motivate its employees only by fulfilling their
all expectations and desires.
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Equity theory express This theory is based on one's perception. If an
individual wants to compare himself with his
colleague then he will make those possible
efforts to prove himself better then his college
(Del Mar Alonso-Almeida and Rodríguez-
Antón, 2011).
Goal setting An individual can motivate himself only by
making his goals and objectives clear. In
simple words, if he will set his own targets
then he will make all possible efforts to
achieve them. For this, they will increase their
work performance, also will enhance their
efficiency as well as effectiveness.
M1 Analysis culture, power and politics can influence individual and team behaviour
Organization culture, power and politics is more important which directly affect the
business and its employees performance. So that it is more important for the company to develop
positive and healthy working environment and also provide better power and duties to their staff
members according to the capabilities in order to take best decision in appropriate manner. It is
significant process in which employees perform their task in most effective manner so that they
easily attain the positive results. Along with this, organizational culture also affect the employees
performance in both positive and negative way. In which company should manage it effectively
and promote better culture within the organization. In this politics is also an effective so that
manager of the company should be manage all the changes because it also affect the employees
performance. All these aspects aid in increasing the productivity as well as profitability in
effective manner and also get higher success at market place. With the help of these BBC
company capture larger market share form its rival and achieve their target in appropriate
manner.
b) Motivational theories will help organization to improve team effectiveness
Motivational theories is more effective BBC in which it helps in improving the overall
performance of the employees by giving better facilities. Company use three type of motivational
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theories to enhance the employees performance in effective manner (Effelsberg and Solga,
2015). It also contribute in developing the healthy and positive working environment in which
workforce put their best efforts to get success. One of the best advantage of using various
motivational theories in assist in motivating the employees towards the work so that they develop
their interest and perform appropriately which lead in getting the positive success.
In this the Herzberg's two factors theory is one of the important which is used by the
BBC to motive their employees in appropriate manner. In this the top level management give
various opportunities and direction to their employees toward the work so that they perform their
best and also enhance their working style in appropriate manner.
Along with this, Maslow's need hierarchy theory is also an effective theory for the
company to motivate their works so that they effectively satisfied their needs in appropriate
manner. In this the employees of the company set their needs and demand and full fill them
effectively. Because it is based on hierarchy process which influence their workers demand in
effective way.
Expectancy theory is a also used by the organization to develop their employees
performance by providing better motivation so that they get motivated and perform their best. If
any employees put their best efforts for completing the task so that they easily get organizational
goals and objectives in most effective manner. In this all motivational theories helps in
encouraging the overall performance of the employees by providing effective direction which aid
to the employees to perform best and get best results (Leung, 2012). The main of using
motivational theories is to completing all the task in appropriate manner and achieve higher
success.
c) Improving level of motivation within BBC
In the organization, employer play important role because they motivate their employees
and also encourage them so that they will achieve overall goals and objectives in appropriate
manner. In this context, there are various elements as well as contents which helps in achieving
organizational mission and vision in appropriate way which are as follows:
Increased commitment of staff members: In this process the top level management provide as
well as allot better task according to the employees capabilities so that all the employees perform
their best and get better results (Ueda, 2011). This will helps in improving the level of motivation
in the company.
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Enhance motivation and satisfaction level: It is more important for the company to get better
satisfaction of the employees for this they provide better motivation in order to achieve their
desirable goals and objectives in more efficient manner.
Improve efficiency of employees: Employees are the main part of then company because they
contribute in overall success by performing their task in more efficient manner. Ever company
wants that its employees perform their work and provide better results in effective manner. For
this company provide motivation by using various motivational theories to develop their
performance.
M2 Evaluate behaviour of others by applying various motivational theories
Working performance of the employees play important role in business organization
because they perform their task in order to achieve best results in appropriate manner.
Employees are backbone of the company which helps in achieving the overall goals and
objectives. For this it is important for the manager to use best motivational theories for their
employees so that they easily encourage morale in order to get positive outcomes. By using
better motivational theories company easily improve employees productivity by giving effective
facilities which improve their working performance within the workplace and also helps in
accepting all the challenges in effective way (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). In this the motivation
theories helps in encouraging employees morale so that they perform their best and get best a
well as positive results in effective manner. They also increased their productivity level in order
to achieve their target in appropriate way.
TASK 3
a) Explain different type of teams in context of BBC
When many individuals comes and works together for achieving for some common goals
then they consider as team members. An effective group define various peoples who all are
contribute in getting positive results. It aid in improving the working performance of the
employees so that they perform effectively. A good team helps in achieving the organizational
goals and objectives in appropriate time period. There are various types of team which helps to
the BBC company to get best target in appropriate manner which are as follows:
Functional team:
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This type of team include various persons who meet with other people on regular basis.
In which they set their goals and objectives as per the various department so that they easily
work on them and get better results in appropriate time period (Jain, 2012).
Importance:
It is more effective team which helps in achieving the desirables goals and objectives.
One of the best advantage of this team is to attain positive results.
Problem solving team:
This type of team make for short time period because the main aim of making this team is
to resolve all the problems which arise at workplace. In this the team members are put their best
efforts to find out the best solution for resolving issues in appropriate manner. In this all team
members of BBC company having their own function in which they put their views to fine the
better solution in effective manner.
Importance:
The main advantage of making this team is to increase the employees skills so that they
easily find out the better solution and resolve the problems in effective manner. It directly
contribute in overall performance of the BBC.
Virtual team:
In this team the manager of the BBC communicate with their employees in order to
maintain the positive relation wit them. In this type of team, every individuals are separate but
they connected with each other with the help of computer. They use online process for
communicate with each others in order to achieve common goals and objectives in appropriate
manner.
Importance:
One of the best advantage of virtual team is to define outsider talent with the helps on
online process. It also helps to the BBC company to generating more revenue.
b) Tuckman model for team development in BBC
Team development is more important or the BBC company attain the competitive
advantage and also improve overall performance of the company. It is a fundamental concept for
every organization in which they define effective team for completing all the task in appropriate
manner (Kaifi and Noori, 2011). The BBC company conduct various activities to their
employees so that they improve their performance as well as capabilities which helps them to
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enhancing their productivity level. It directly affect the company performance because all the
employees put their best efforts to complete their task which contribute in BBC company
success. These model include five activities which are as follows:
Illustration 3: Tuckman model
(Source- Get Better Results from you Team with Tuckman, 2017)
Forming: It is first stage of the model which helps in creating the team as well as group. After
that manager of the BBC allocate work as per their abilities and capabilities and also provide
effective guidelines in order to perform their task effectively.
Storming: It is second stage of the model, in which all the team members are work together and
also share their views and opinion with other team members which is more beneficial for the
team to get best results and also improve the BBC performance at market place..
Norming: In this stage all the team members having their roles and responsibilities to perform
their work as per their capabilities. So that they easily manage all the work and effectively
complete in most effective manner to get positive results (DiPaola and Tschannen-Moran,
2014).
Performing: In this all the employees perform their task with more efficiency and without and
disturbance which helps to the team member to achieve all organizational goals and objectives of
the BBC company.
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Transforming/ Adjourning: It is a last step of which is more effective because it provide better
protection as well as position to their employees sop that they easily enhance their performance
and get best target.
All these stages are more effective as well as important for the BBC organization to
attain their desirable goals and objectives in appropriate time period. All these helps in
improving the overall performance of the company and its employees in order to capture larger
market share. There are some elements which make effective ream in the BBC such as skills,
attitude, behaviour also helps in improving the performance and also aid in making the effective
team which perform their all the task in systematic way. In BBC company, manager of the
company set their team inn which they include skilled and experienced workers who easily
accept all the challenges and also maintain effectiveness. It contribute in overall success of the
company.
M3 Analysis team and group development theories
Good and effective team play important role organization success because in which
various people comes together for a particular purpose. In their they put their best efforts to
completing all the task in order to get higher success in effective manner. So that it is important
duty of the company to develop appropriate groups by using various theories so that they
perform their best and improve their productivity in better manner. Development theories
improve the overall quality of the employees which directly impact on organizational growth.
TASK 4
a) Organization theory and concept affect performance of BBC
It is very important for the company to improve their productivity as well as performance
in order to capture larger market share. For this manager of the BBC organization use various
techniques and methods which are as follows:
Path- goal theory: This theory is based on the leader behaviour in which they effectively
perform their task and also provide better guidelines to their employees to complete their work in
effective manner (Cartwright and Cooper, 2014). This theory define by the leader of the
company so that they easily develop better framework which helps in achieving the desirables
goals and objectives. In this, the leader of the BBC company is more successful because they set
their flexible environment and perform their task effectively. This theory is related with the
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leader and their behaviour in which they to done their task effectively. In this they made
effective strategies to evaluate the better framework in which all the employees effectively retain
for long time period and attain positive outcomes. Along with this manager of the company share
their views and vision of the company with their employees so that they easily motivate them
towards the work so that they effectively accomplish it with more efficiency and get better
results. In context of BBC, leader are more successful and experienced so that they are
effectively represent their work and also increase their income in most effective manner which
leads in enhancing the overall performance of the company at market place.
Behavioural organization theory: It define the distinctive so that all the employees perform their
task with more efficiency which directly contribute in enhancing the overall performance of the
staff members in order to get better results (Wayne And et. al., 2013). With the help of this
theory employees attain their goals and objectives which leads in enhancing the overall
performance of the company at market place.
b) Barriers to effective performance within the BBC
There are several barriers affect the performance of the BBC. It also affect the employees
performance at the work place. In this various obstacles are faced by the employees at the
workplace which are as follows:
 Lack of communication is one of the big barriers which affect the performance of
employees and also create misunderstanding between seniors management and lower
management.
 Unclear policies and responsibilities is also create the negative impact on the working
performance of the company. It every employees aware about all the policies then they
perform their best and get best results.
 Less coordination is also a barriers within the organizational activities which reduce the
employees performance and also increase the gap between employees and employer
within the BBC.
All these barriers affect the overall performance of the BBC. So that it is more important
for the leader to resolve all the problems and make positive and healthy work environment in
effective manner. This contribute in organizational success.
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M4 Evaluate concept and theories of organizational behaviour
Theories and concepts of organizational behaviour which directly affect on employees
performance in positive and negative manner. So that it is more important for the company to
use effective technologies in the organizational activities in which employees perform their best
and put best efforts to attain the positive results. With the helps of all the organizational
behaviour theorise company provide best facilities to their workers in order to attain most
effective targets.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it has been concluded that organizational behaviour
plays most essential role in every kind of business organisation, as it helps in evaluating
behaviour of individual, groups ad structure which have huge impact on company's growth and
success. Basically, it involves various tools, techniques, concepts, theories and philosophies
which helps in examining and managing individual's behaviour within business enterprise. This
project report is based on BBC which is British public service broadcaster company. Currently,
this company is giving high important to organizational behaviour so that it can enhance its
profitability as well as productivity. In this project report, it has been evaluated that how its
workers can co-operate with each others. Different concepts and philosophies of OB has been
determined which help this enterprise in facing various business situations. Along with this,
some motivational theories has been discussed which can used by its managers to motivate
individuals and teams to accomplish business goals.
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