Leadership Styles and Impacts

The assignment involves analyzing and comparing two articles from different sources, one on 'Strategic Human Resource Management During Zika Virus Outbreaks' published in Strategic HR Review (An et al., 2016) and another on 'Leading Congregations and Nonprofits in a Connected World: Platforms, People, and Purpose' by Herring and Elton (2016). The task requires evaluating the leadership styles and practices discussed in both articles, comparing them, and discussing how these styles might be applied in different organizational contexts. Additionally, the assignment asks you to reflect on your personal leadership style and discuss how it aligns with or differs from the styles presented in the articles.

WORKING WITH
AND LEADING
PEOPLE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Documentation for selection and hiring process for the new staff........................................1
1.2 Impact of Regulatory, Legal and Ethical considerations for recruitment and selection
process.........................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Function in selection process................................................................................................3
1.4 Own contribution towards selection process.........................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Power and attributes needed for leadership..........................................................................4
2.2 Difference between leadership and management..................................................................5
2.3 various leadership styles for different situations..................................................................6
2.4 Methods to motivate staff to achieve objectives...................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Advantages of team-working................................................................................................7
3.2 Measure of working in a team as members and leaders........................................................8
3.3 Potency of team working in achieving goals........................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Important factors involved in planning, monitoring and accession of work performance. . .8
4.2 Plan to access development needs of individuals.................................................................9
4.3 Success of the assessment process........................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Concept of leadership is based on the ability to lead and assign responsibilities to group
of people at workplace. Human resource department is having sole responsibility to hire new
employees who are having skills and capabilities to do the assigned work and achieve targets for
firms. United Parcel Services is one of the largest courier firms running their business operations
in UK (Adamou and Adamou, 2017). They are facing heavy losses in their business operations
like failure to deliver parcel on time and thus, require new employees who can achieve success in
their business operations. The undermentioned report is based on procedures related with
selection, recruitment and retention, impact and style of leadership acts, effectiveness of team
working and at last, working and development needs of individuals.
TASK 1
1.1 Documentation for selection and hiring process for the new staff
United Parcel Services should be focused towards keeping records of all employees who
are working in order to deliver parcels to customers. This is beneficial in order to maintain
records of present employees who are working for firms in order to attain growth and achieve
success in their ventures. Recruitment process is carried out in order to select the best employees
who are having skills and capabilities to perform their jobs in desired ways (An, 2016). The best
way to carry out this process is based on job description plans which are evaluated as:
JOB DESCRIPTION
There are vacancies for different positions in UPC which are:
Departments: Hub, Team Leader, Station Manager, Back office, Field executive and second
mile delivery.
Reports to: Higher authorities who are working at strategic level in company.
Pay Salary: It varies according to skills, capabilities and post assigned to person.
Main purpose of the job: The main role of employees will be taking parcels from hub and
deliver it to right customer on time without damaging product and with maintaining monetary
value received from them.
Main duties and responsibilities:
 Reaching hub on time and taking their assigned parcels
 Reporting to managers when they have completed delivery of all parcels
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 Keeping proper record of money given by customers on the delivery of products
PERSONAL DESCRIPTION
Persons who are interested in applying for the post of field executive should have good
communication skills in order to interact with customers and effectively deliver the goods.
Team leaders should have capability to maintain record of items which are given to delivery
boy and taking status while they are returning from their work.
Qualifications:
 Minimum qualification required is graduation
 They should have good command over accounting and finance handling.
Skills:
 Handle issues faced by customers in an effective way
 Keep written record of money received by customers
Experience:
 Minimum experience 6 months in the same field
Documents which should be submitted at the time of joining are:
Degree of highest qualification
Special achievement certificates if any
Driving license
Identity proof
Passport size photo
1.2 Impact of Regulatory, Legal and Ethical considerations for recruitment and selection process
The hiring and selection process should be executed with all essential guidance which are
followed by firm. UPC are running their business all around UK so they had to ensure ethical,
legal and regulatory policies in their recruitment and selection process (Boone, 2015).
The Equality Act 2010: This act was laid down in order to maintain equality at
workplace so that no employee is discriminated on any grounds. The act is applicable when firms
are hiring employees for business operations.
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Equal Pay Act 1970: The managers should ensure that there should be no difference in
pay grades of all those employees who are working at similar level in business organisations.
Salary of employees should be discussed with them at the time of joining and there should not be
any changes in these plans without any prior notice in advance.
Race Relation Act 1976: This act was laid down in order to protect employees from
discrimination on the basis of colour caste, religion, sex, etc (CALIN, 2016). This is an essential
element which should be executed by firms at the time of hiring employees for business
operations.
Employment Protection Act 1978: This act came into force so that employees will be
aware of terms and conditions according to which they have to work, list of holidays, total
working hours, policies related with termination etc. This is valuable for employees as they are
communicated about important information at workplace.
1.3 Function in selection process
The process of hiring and selecting employees which are adopted by United Parcel
Company I have played the role of interviewer there and taken interview of employees who were
interested in this process.
My major responsibilities were to conduct interview sessions in effective ways for all
those employees who want to joint the vacant post. I have designed template for measuring
performance of employees and then I have marked employees on the basis of answers they had
given in interviews (Cenderello and et. al., 2015). The the marking scheme which I have
prepared in my template and questions are discussed below as:
1. Effectiveness of communication skills of person giving interview
2. Knowledge level of employees in field of courier
3. Presentation part of clients effective
This is the main criteria used by selected firms in order to recruit employees who will
effectively carry out their business operations. This is the first stage and here the employees who
were successful are selected for the second round and thereafter final round of selection process.
This is the main method adopted by firms in order to select and hire potential employees for
performing business operations (Edge, 2016).
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1.4 Own contribution towards selection process
United Parcel Services have design various steps on the basis of which they will be
selecting employees who will help them in effectively execute business operations and achieve
growth and probability factors for firms. The hiring process adopted by firms include:
(Source: Selection process, 2017)
Preliminary Interview: This is the first step used by firms while they are performing
interview session for employees and in this stage they are checking intelligence level and IQ
power of person.
Application Blank: In this step candidates are required to fill the blank sheet which is
provided to them, there is detail about their own self and their family members.
Written test: There is a written test conducted in order to check knowledge level of
employees in particular field so they can easily perform all their business operations (Hartley-
Bangs, 2016). This is beneficial for firms in order to select employees with high knowledge
level.
Employment Interview: This is the next after written test if person pass this then they
have to have to face personal interview. Here I am taking interview of person and adopting
various tools in order to check their confidence and knowledge level.
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Illustration 1: Selection process

Medical Examination: If person passed all the above test then he had to go for medical
examinations in order to go towards medical examination test in which it is identified if the
person is person is physical fit for the job or not.
Appointment Letter: This is the last it implies that if candidates have passed all the above
level then he is selected as the employee of firms and given appointment letter by Mangers
which contains date of joining and his designation.
TASK 2
2.1 Power and attributes needed for leadership
If persons wants to see themselves as leaders then they show posses skills and capabilities
which are required by them in order to become successful in their ventures (Herring and Elton,
2016). There main responsibilities are related with assigning duties to employees in order to
maintain smooth working environment. The skills which are necessary for leaders are evaluated
below as:
Honesty: Leaders should not posses any act of cheating they should be honest in their
working this is very essential in order to teach their employees same aspects so they can easily
achieve all their targets.
Commitment: Leaders should make plans and policies in order to complete their assigned
targets in time slots which are allotted to them. Plans and policies should be adopted which are
effective in motivating employees so they can easily achieve all their targets thus satisfying
them.
Positive Attitude: Leaders should know how to handle each and every situation in
effective ways while it can be bad or good (Hoover and O’Neil, 2015). They should listen to the
problems which are faced by their employees and find out effective ways in order to resolve the
issues.
Communication: This is the most important element as leaders should posses effective
communication skills in order to pass important and valuable message to their employees. This is
beneficial for workers as they can easily carry out their operations in planned directions in order
to achieve their targets.
Creativity: Leaders should evaluate new and innovative ideas by which they can easily
execute their business operations and achieve their desired targets. This is beneficial for selected
firms to make recovery of all their losses which are faced by them in current times.
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Confidence: This is also an essential factor as it reflects the patience and confidence level
of workers by which they can easily complete their business operations. Leaders should be ready
to face any type of situations that may arrive at work place. Confidence helps in achieving
targets by employees in desired time frames (Kızıl, 2017).
2.2 Difference between leadership and management
LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT
Leadership skills are developed with desired
times and these are not developed by birth.
Skills related with management are framed
with experiences of person working in
performing business operations.
These persons are focusing on development of
new and innovative ideas by which business
activities can be performed in effective and
planned ways.
Mangers does not use their mind to develop
innovative ideas but they focus on executing
those ideas which are written in books thus
they put a limit on their thinking.
Leaders are always walking on those paths
which are beneficial for them in achieving
success.
Management have different concept they want
to follow the right task which will bring
success for business.
They are mainly focused towards solving those
problems which are related with why things
happens and what factors.
Management is focused about evaluating main
reason behind the problems why it arises.
Leaders are following those paths which are
related with mutual trust and understanding in
order to perform their business activities.
Management are motivating employees so they
can work effectively in order to achieve all
their targets.
They are bothered about those people who are
working for their business.
They are concerned about organisational goals
and their structures.
Management and leadership at work places are playing vital roles in order to achieve all
their targets and frame directions in which employees can execute their working in order to
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achieve all their targets (Mitchell, 2016). United Parcel Services are focusing on recruiting those
persons who are having effective skills to achieve success and growth for firms.
2.3 various leadership styles for different situations
There are various types of leadership situations which are discussed below as:
AUTHORITARIAN DEMOCRATIC LAISSEZ FAIRE
In this styles Leaders are
taking all the decisions which
are essential for performing
business operations.
All the employees are
involved in decision making
process and leaders listen to
view point of all persons and
then they take final decisions.
In this style leaders does not
perform any role in decision
making process and all vital
decisions are taken by
employees.
This style is used at those
places where there is large
group of employees and it is
not possible for leaders to
listen to review of all persons.
There is no effect on decision
making process if the number
of people are small or large but
all decisions are taken very
fast.
There is no effect on decisions
by size of team the most vital
factors which affect them are
experienced persons as they
views are mostly valued.
Leaders are taking efforts to
review those plans which are
used by employees in order to
do their working in effective
ways.
Employees evolve various
innovative ideas to solve
issues and leaders have
opportunities to choose among
the best ideas and implement
them.
All decisions are taken by
employees and leaders does
not have any role to play in
that.
All decisions are taken by
leaders thus they are playing
effective role in business
organisations.
Problems can be created if
decision of leaders are not
effective.
There are high chances of
creating mistakes as leaders are
totally dependent on their
followers.
2.4 Methods to motivate staff to achieve objectives
Mangers can adopt various tools and techniques in order to motivate their employees to
achieve effective results. This can be linked with two factors such as positive and negative.
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Employer can motivate their employees positively by giving them extra bonus, rewards,
incentive, increase in pay grades etc (Mohelska and Sokolova, 2015). This is an technique used
by employers to motivate employees in order to increase their profitability and productivity
ratios.
Negative factors of motivations are linked with setting targets which had to be achieved
by employees if not then there is reduction in their salary. These are two different motivational
tool used by employees according to demand factors in economy. In present situation business is
facing losses so there is requirement in order to motivate employees by giving them monetary
benefits so they will effectively achieve all their targets. Promotions can also be granted in
relation with motivation factors.
TASK 3
3.1 Advantages of team-working
Team working should be developed at work place in order to maintain cooperation at
work places as all the employees will be working with each other in order to achieve their
targets. This is valuable for firms to achieve their overall targets at allotted times. If employees
are cooperative and they are developing plans in order to work as one team then they can easily
achieve all their aims and objectives. Team effectiveness are beneficial in solving any types of
issues which are faced by employees at work place.
Benefits of team working are described below as:
 Employees are effective in increasing their current knowledge in order to achieve
success.
 Positive environment can be created if all employees are working together in a
group in order to achieve their goals (Nelsey and Brownie, 2012).
 Team working is beneficial in order to solve all problems in planned and effective
ways.
 Trust is built among employees and they can perform all their business activities in
planned ways.
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3.2 Measure of working in a team as members and leaders
Leaders are playing important role in an organisation. They have able to motivate their
team members in order to achieve set goals and objective in given time frame. Leaders have a
capacity to influence employees behaviour so that they can easily manage and control their
performance and productivity. Company achieve success when they develop strategies and plan
according to their needs and wants which help them to gain long term advantage at market place.
Leaders help them to implementation of these plan and policies at work place which increase
productivity of the employees. Leaders share their experience with their employees and guiding
them according workers to do the same for achieve set targets. Leaders are always support their
team members in the difficult situation so that employees receive guidance on time to time in
order to increase their performance.
3.3 Potency of working team in achieving goals
Team work is an essential element for achieving success and developing an individual by
increasing its learning capacity. Task assigned to employees working in a team for completion
require trust and loyalty among team members so that it get executed in appropriate time frame.
Assessing peer employees helps in maintaining positive work environment. Cohesiveness and
unity among team members result in achieving goals and targets in desired time. In comparison
of working capacity of an individual with that of a group always results in efficiency obtained by
group members than an individual. Working in group increases employee's knowledge and help
them to grow faster. Multiple ideas are shared while working in a team which means creativity
and innovation is achieved to solve problems that are encountered. Therefore, potency of
working in teams always result positiveness in employee's behaviour to achieve success in
business.
TASK 4
4.1 Important factors involved in planning, monitoring and accession of work performance
There are different factors which are used by UPS so that performances of workers can
be improved are evaluated below as:
Setting Performance Standards: This is the vital factors as they are beneficial in making
comparison among performances of employees in relation with the set aims and objectives. This
is an important factor as it results in finding out the deviations among the compared
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performances and plans and policies can be formulated in order to make improvement in the
performances of the employees.
Reviewing the Performance: There are different tools used in order to measure
performance level of workers so that wherever it is need of any changes these can be
implemented at work places.
Setting Up Random Methods Of Assessing Performance: Managers are using various
tools in order to measure performance level of workers like MBO, KPI, 360 degree feedback,
score cards etc. This is vital for employees as they can easily achieve all their assigned targets.
4.2 Plan to access development needs of individuals
There are various plans and policies developed in order analyse needs of employees at
work places which can be described as:
Setting the standards for performance: There are different plans and policy framework adopted
by business in order to evaluate performances of all employees at work place.
Communicating the standards: There should be strategies made in order to effectively
communicate important message to employees.
Collecting the data of actual performance: Mangers should make policy to collect all the
important information at one so they can be used in future times.
Comparing the actual performance with standards: The performance level of all employees
should be measured with their actual level.
Taking corrective actions: There should be modifications made in business operations where it
is needed.
4.3 Success of the assessment process
Company has applied this methodology in order to provide overall growth to its
employees by assessing their training needs. To achieve desired targets and objectives it is
important to fulfil training requirements of employees so that their level of performance and
productivity gets improved. Thorough study of rivals present in external environment along with
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underperforming areas in internal environment of company helps in developing strategies that
will show positive results in terms of profit earned. Assessment process plays crucial role in
development of business as it help in identifying weak areas and formulating appropriate
strategies for employees. Success rate of business increases with implementation of relevant
policies and procedures to overcome employees deficiencies.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that Leaders are important sources for every
business and they are guiding employees in order to achieve their targets effectively. Firms are
adopting various tools in order to select employees who can execute their working in planned
and effective ways. Team effectiveness are useful for business in order to maintain healthy work
environment and build cooperation at work place.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adamou, C and Adamou, C., 2017. Leading and managing people effectively in the face of
global public health emergencies: lessons from Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks.
Strategic HR Review. 16(1). pp.45-48.
An, S. L. C., 2016. Leading the Way: Working with LGBTQI2S Athletes and Coaches.
Boone, J., 2015. Leading learning organizations through transformational change: making the
case for blended learning. International Journal of Educational Management. 29(3).
pp.275-283.
CALIN, F. M., 2016. THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERSONALITY FACTORS IN THE
LEADING STYLE. Agora Psycho-Pragmatica. 10(2). pp.73-83.
Cenderello, G and et. al., 2015. The impact of liver disease: a leading cause of hospital
admissions in people living with HIV. Infect Dis Trop Med. 1(3). p.e167.
Edge, L., 2016. All You Need Is Mentorship. Cell. 164.
Hartley-Bangs, L., 2016. Recovery groups: A guide to creating, leading, and working with
groups for addictions and mental health conditions by Farris-Kurtz, L. (2015). New
York, NY: Oxford University Press. 204 pp.. $28.45 (paperback).
Herring, H and Elton, T.M., 2016. Leading Congregations and Nonprofits in a Connected
World: Platforms, People, and Purpose. Rowman & Littlefield.
Hoover, K. F and O’Neil, D. A., 2015. Leading by Example: Images of Diversity and
Collaboration on University Web Pages. International Leadership Journal. 7(2).
Kızıl, C., 2017. Book Review of “The Real Warren Buffett-Managing Capital, Leading People”.
EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal. 6(2). pp.43-46.
Mitchell, F., 2016. Pablo Perel: leading improvements in global cardiovascular health. The
Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.
Mohelska, H. and Sokolova, M., 2015. Organisational culture and leadership–joint vessels?.
Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 171. pp.1011-1016.
NORMAND, C. L and et. al., 2016. A Conceptual Model of Factors Leading to the Digital
Exclusion of People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. ANNUAL REVIEW OF
CYBERTHERAPY AND TELEMEDICINE 2016. p.23.
Peterson, R. S., 2016. Four steps to leading diverse teams effectively. London Business School
Review. 27(3). pp.40-43.
Thompson, E. P., 2016. The making of the English working class. Open Road Media.
Vartiainen, M., 2015. Virtual spaces as workplaces: working and leading in virtual worlds.
Leadership in Spaces and Places. p.128.
Online
The Leadership versus Management debate: What's the difference?. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.educational-business-articles.com/leadership-versus-
management/>. [Accessed on 3rd October 2017].
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